Friday, January 24, 2020

What Bush Really Means Essay -- Essays Papers

What Bush Really Means In light of the destruction of the World Trade Centers in New York, President George W. Bush delivered a speech to the nation on September 20, 2001. He spoke of our losses, our fears, our hope, and our plans for the future. We can use Sam Hamill's "The Necessity to Speak" to better interpret some of our President's ideas. Hamill states, "Nothing will change until we demolish the 'we-and-they' mentality. We are human, and therefore all human concerns are ours" (463). In his speech, President Bush clearly defines who the "we-and-they" are. This war is not Islam vs. the United States of America; it is the entire world, even civilization as we know it, vs. terrorism. In the beginning, Bush recognizes how this great tragedy has, in many ways, brought our country closer together as a whole. People everywhere are coming to the aid of those in need. Jews are working side by side with Christians. Millions are selflessly donating blood to save the lives of others. Men and women of every tongue congregate to offer up prayers of mercy and comfort. "We will not forget South Korean children gathering to pray outside our embassy in Seoul, or the prayers of sympathy offered at a mosque in Cairo. We will not forget moments of silence and days of mourning in Australia and Africa and Latin America" (Bush par. 9). This horrible act of terrorism has even broken the "unbreakable" bond between opposing political parties. "All of America was touched on the evening of the tragedy to see Republicans and Democrats joined together on the steps of this Capitol, singing 'God Bless America'" (Bush par. 6). Our country suffered a tremendous loss on September 20th, but we have grown more as a nation this past mont... ...d disgust that the people who did this to our world must feel towards us. The incredible evil is hard to comprehend. But it is very real, and the fact remains that we must band together as a whole to win this battle. "Perhaps the NATO Charter reflects best the attitude of the world: An attack on one is an attack on all" (Bush par. 36). We, the human race, can overcome this and we will prevail. WORKS CITED Bush, Pres. George W. "President Bush's Speech to the Nation." International Television. The House of Congress. 20 September 2001. Hamill, Sam. "The Necessity to Speak." Writing As Re-Vision: A Student's Anthology. Eds. Beth Alvarado and Barbara Cully. Massachusetts: Simon & Schuster. 1998. 457-464. "Who is Osama Bin Laden?" BBC News 18 September 2001. 15 October 2001 .

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment

Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment PSY/250 Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment The psychoanalytic theory states that there are inner forces other than your awareness that affect your behavior. Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler and Carl Jung influenced psychology with their theories making a very large impact on psychology. As the writer I will compare and contrast the theories of these three gentlemen and decide which of these theories in which I agree and which of these theories I do not agree with.Freud’s work is now the most recognized and most heavily cited in all of psychology and referenced in humanities as well. Freud emphasized on dreams and sexuality. Dreams according to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory are said to have two levels of content, manifest content and latent content. The manifest content is what a person remembers and consciously considers. The latent content is the underlying hidden meaning. This is the trademark idealism of the psychoanalytic approach to personality, in other words what we see on the surface is only a part of what really lies underneath. Friedman & Schustack 2009) In his theory â€Å"libido† was the sexual energy that was responsible for psychological tension. Freud believed that the principal driving force behind men and women’s activities was either repressed or expressed sexuality. Unfulfilled sexuality led to pathological conditions. In other words that the unconscious was the storage facility for repressed sexual desires. (Friedman, Schustack, 2009) Freud also felt that religion was just an escape and a misleading notion which was an idea that should not be spread to people, that religion was a drug of the masses.His faith was fully in the minds ability to access its unconscious thoughts, thus avoiding any psychiatric disorder. Freud viewed the unconscious as a collection of images, thoughts and experiences that an individual refused to process, which led to psychiatric problems. (Wikipedia, 2 010) On the other hand Jung disagreed on what constituted the unconscious. Jung added to Freud’s definition by stating that each individual also possessed a collective unconscious, a group of shared images and archetypes common to all humans.Jung was fascinated with symbols. He argued that there are â€Å"archetypes† among these symbols which relate common human heritage, not just individual experiences. (Wikipedia, 2010) Thus each of us has a set of common symbols within us. Jung’s neo-analytic theory also differed suggesting that â€Å"libido† was a general psychic energy that was not sexual in nature. Jung believed that sex amounted to only one of the many things that drive humans. More importantly, humans are driven by their need to achieve individuation, wholeness or full knowledge of the self.Jung quite different in his beliefs, suggests that religion was an important place of safety for the individual as he or she began the process of individuation , exploring and excepting all parts of the self, that religion was a means of communication between all types of people, because although religions differed, the archetypes and symbols remained the same. In my opinion Jung was more mythical. Adler as opposed to Freud and Jung was in a class of his own. He believed that people were social creatures, forming goals and striving to meet them.Adler saw mental health in terms of having healthy values, which affect what goals we try to achieve. He believed that inferiority complexes affected self esteem and caused a negative effect on human health. Adler argued for holism, masculinity and femininity were crucial to understanding human psychology (Friedman, Schustack, 2009). The desire of the self was offset by social and ethical demands. Adler suggested that social realm was important to psychology as was the internal realm. That the dynamics of power and compensation extend beyond sexuality, and that gender and politics were important con siderations that go beyond libido.As you can see Adler was quite the socialist and realist and emphasized the role of empathy. One of the characteristics that I agree with is the theory that dreams play a part in psychoanalytic personality. I say this because of my own personal relationship with dreams. I believe that dreams are a part of our unconscious mind, either from repressed traumatic experiences, which can contribute to nightmares, night sweats, waking up at all hours of the night, which in turn can cause emotional instability and psychiatric disorders.In the same token, I also believe that daydreaming and pleasant dreams can be healthy to ones overall mental health. Another characteristic that I agree with is the theory that parenting and childhood development plays an even greater role in personality. I believe that from the moment you are born how you are nurtured, loved, and cared for, shapes who you will become as an adult. Childhood is the most critical time in the dev elopment stages of the one’s personality. On the other hand, one of the theories that I disagree with is Freud’s libido theory.I think that he had a dark deep obsession with sex and over emphasized it, in including it in his theory. I felt he had no basis, no proof, and no real meaning in his conclusion. The only connection to personality that I believe sex would have, is if one has been through a traumatic experience such as rape, suffer from sexual identity, a sexual addiction or other sexual crisis, otherwise I feel it has no place in personality. Freud just put way too much emphasis on sex in his theory. Another Freudian theory I disagree with is that religion is just an escape and a misleading notion.I have a strong disenchantment with this, being I am a very religious person. For the most part all nations, all creeds, all walks of life on this earth, have some sort of religious views. Religion is taught to us as children and plays a very important role in how we place our values, our morals, our principals, so to exclude religion from psychoanalytic personality is preposterous. Our religion, along with our childhood development determines who we are and who we will become. Religion is the most destructive of all weapons of mass destruction, and yet Freud looks at it so nonchalantly.More people have died in the name of religion that any other causes. I know that my religion weighs heavily on my personality. The five stages of Freud’s theory are that from age 0-2 (Oral) which is the first stage, the characteristic is the mouth: sucking, biting and swallowing, the conflict is the weaning away from the mother’s breast. This stage suggests that the willing personality is preoccupied with oral activities such as eating, smoking, biting nails or drinking. The oral aggressive personality is hostile and verbally abusive using mouth based aggression.The second stage from age 2-4 (Anal) is the defecating or retaining of feces. The confli ct is toilet training. The anal personality is stingy, and has a compulsive desire for order and tidiness. This person is generally stubborn and a perfectionist. The anal expulsive personality has a lack of self control, being generally messy and careless. The third stage from ages 4-5 (Phallic) is genitals. A boy being Oedipus and a girl Electra, which is a process through which they learn to identify with the same gender parent by acting as much like that parent as possible.Boys suffer castration anxiety by believing that the father knows that they desire their mothers, and thinking that the father will castrate him. Girls suffer from penis envy, where she is attached to her mother but then shifts her attachment once she realizes her mother lacks a penis, she then desires her father but later represses her desire for her father and incorporates the value of her mother and accepts her inferiority. The fourth stage, age’s 6-puberty (Latency) is unacceptable sexual desires tha t may flow into sports and hobbies, having the same sex friends help avoid sexual feelings.This personality is relatively calm. Sexual and aggressive behavior is less active. The fifth and last stage is the Genital stage and this personality represents maturity, intellectual and artistic creativity. This personality is well adjusted and balanced. Now after all of this, are you convinced as well as I am that Freud was way off the charts? Again I say that he put much too much emphasis on sex. Freud believed and developed a series of defense mechanisms and all of his defense mechanisms shared two common properties.One in which they often appeared unconsciously and two they tended to distort, transform, or otherwise falsify reality. One of his defense mechanisms â€Å"Intellectualization† is taking on an objective viewpoint. Suppose a husband learns that his wife has an incurable disease. He tries to learn everything he can about the disease and treatment options and by doing so represses feelings of anxiety, feelings of not being able to do anything to help his wife and any feelings of anger he may be feeling.Focusing on the facts rather than the emotional content of the situation. Freud, Jung and Adler each had their own ideas when it came to psychoanalytic personality, though they did not agree on all aspects of each other’s ideas, combined they were the founding fathers of psychoanalytic personality and are still highly regarded in the field of psychology today. Their theories combined opened doors into the vastness and complexity of the human mind. I believe in the field of psychology a little of each of their theories are being practiced today.There is a little Jung, Adler and Freud in each of us as we try and decipher the human mind and human behavior. References Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2001). Sigmund Freud. Retrieved from http://www. iep. utm. edu Friedman, H. S. , & Schuustack, M. W. (2009). Personality: Classic Theories and Mo dern Research (4th ed. ). : Pearson Education, Inc.. Boeree, G. C. (1997,2006). Alfred Adler. Retrieved from http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/adler/html Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Each individual is distinguished by their own unique personality. Personality is developed in different stages of a person life. There are several theorists who have tried to decipher the different types of personalities and determine the meaning of each. Freud, Jung, and Adler were known as sterling psychologists. Although they were sterling their views on psychology varied. To compare and contrast their psychoanalysis theories, Freud, Jung, and Adler perspectives on personality was similar but dissimilar at times. This assessment will compare and contrast psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler.The assessment will also explain the two characteristics in which I agree and disagree. This assessment will describe the stages of Freud’s theory and explain characteristics of personality using these components. This assessment will conclude by describing the use of at least three Freudian defense mechanisms with real life examples. The theories Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler , and Carl Jung shared is called psychoanalytic theories. These great men main theory was to decipher human behavior. They focused on many aspects of understanding of psychology.Their main focus was to discover a person’s previous childhood experiences and decipher the color a male of female would view a current experience. Freud established the theory that focused on psychosexual progress. Adler established human psychology. Jung established the analytical part of psychology. Freud psychoanalytical insight was broken down using three characteristics Id, ego, and superego (Friedman, Schustack, 2012). Freud describes Id as the foundation of personality. Id is demonstrated as not being affected by the external world (Friedman, Schusstack, 2012). The id hold the main physic force and motivations, which  referent urges or feelings.The second characteristic Freud describes is ego. Ego demonstrates an individual actually having to with the external world. A person ego is controll ed by real life encounters for example, going work, taking care of the children, socializing, and running daily errands. Freud believes that a person ego reflects reality principles, which are real life situations. Carl Jung believes that ego is the facet of an individual’s personality. Jung also believes the ego personality is a conscious action of self control. The third characteristic that Freud demonstrates is superego.Superego is the characteristic that joins moral values and society values. Moral values are taught by our parent who allows a person to know right from wrong. Society morals influence an individual personality by the environment that they live among. Superego is a person conscience that telling them from within what ethical decision or action you need to make (Friedman, Schustack, 2012). Carl G. Jung comes from a family line of ministers on both his mother and father side. Jung theories’ regarding personality was peculiar and somewhat different. Jung personality theories consist of a person’s thought and childhood encounters.His focal point was less on sexuality, and more on historical, spiritual, and supernatural occurrences than Freud’s psychoanalytic psychology (Friedman, Schusstack, 2012). Jung analytic psychology was geared toward three component of the mind: the conscious ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. Jung theory on ego did resemble to Freud’s theory on ego. He believed that a person’s ego was conscious personified by the self motivation. Jung also believed that an individual develops this personality at four years of age (Friedman, Schustack, 2012). Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment PSY/250 Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment The psychoanalytic theory states that there are inner forces other than your awareness that affect your behavior. Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler and Carl Jung influenced psychology with their theories making a very large impact on psychology. As the writer I will compare and contrast the theories of these three gentlemen and decide which of these theories in which I agree and which of these theories I do not agree with.Freud’s work is now the most recognized and most heavily cited in all of psychology and referenced in humanities as well. Freud emphasized on dreams and sexuality. Dreams according to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory are said to have two levels of content, manifest content and latent content. The manifest content is what a person remembers and consciously considers. The latent content is the underlying hidden meaning. This is the trademark idealism of the psychoanalytic approach to personality, in other words what we see on the surface is only a part of what really lies underneath. Friedman & Schustack 2009) In his theory â€Å"libido† was the sexual energy that was responsible for psychological tension. Freud believed that the principal driving force behind men and women’s activities was either repressed or expressed sexuality. Unfulfilled sexuality led to pathological conditions. In other words that the unconscious was the storage facility for repressed sexual desires. (Friedman, Schustack, 2009) Freud also felt that religion was just an escape and a misleading notion which was an idea that should not be spread to people, that religion was a drug of the masses.His faith was fully in the minds ability to access its unconscious thoughts, thus avoiding any psychiatric disorder. Freud viewed the unconscious as a collection of images, thoughts and experiences that an individual refused to process, which led to psychiatric problems. (Wikipedia, 2 010) On the other hand Jung disagreed on what constituted the unconscious. Jung added to Freud’s definition by stating that each individual also possessed a collective unconscious, a group of shared images and archetypes common to all humans.Jung was fascinated with symbols. He argued that there are â€Å"archetypes† among these symbols which relate common human heritage, not just individual experiences. (Wikipedia, 2010) Thus each of us has a set of common symbols within us. Jung’s neo-analytic theory also differed suggesting that â€Å"libido† was a general psychic energy that was not sexual in nature. Jung believed that sex amounted to only one of the many things that drive humans. More importantly, humans are driven by their need to achieve individuation, wholeness or full knowledge of the self.Jung quite different in his beliefs, suggests that religion was an important place of safety for the individual as he or she began the process of individuation , exploring and excepting all parts of the self, that religion was a means of communication between all types of people, because although religions differed, the archetypes and symbols remained the same. In my opinion Jung was more mythical. Adler as opposed to Freud and Jung was in a class of his own. He believed that people were social creatures, forming goals and striving to meet them.Adler saw mental health in terms of having healthy values, which affect what goals we try to achieve. He believed that inferiority complexes affected self esteem and caused a negative effect on human health. Adler argued for holism, masculinity and femininity were crucial to understanding human psychology (Friedman, Schustack, 2009). The desire of the self was offset by social and ethical demands. Adler suggested that social realm was important to psychology as was the internal realm. That the dynamics of power and compensation extend beyond sexuality, and that gender and politics were important con siderations that go beyond libido.As you can see Adler was quite the socialist and realist and emphasized the role of empathy. One of the characteristics that I agree with is the theory that dreams play a part in psychoanalytic personality. I say this because of my own personal relationship with dreams. I believe that dreams are a part of our unconscious mind, either from repressed traumatic experiences, which can contribute to nightmares, night sweats, waking up at all hours of the night, which in turn can cause emotional instability and psychiatric disorders.In the same token, I also believe that daydreaming and pleasant dreams can be healthy to ones overall mental health. Another characteristic that I agree with is the theory that parenting and childhood development plays an even greater role in personality. I believe that from the moment you are born how you are nurtured, loved, and cared for, shapes who you will become as an adult. Childhood is the most critical time in the dev elopment stages of the one’s personality. On the other hand, one of the theories that I disagree with is Freud’s libido theory.I think that he had a dark deep obsession with sex and over emphasized it, in including it in his theory. I felt he had no basis, no proof, and no real meaning in his conclusion. The only connection to personality that I believe sex would have, is if one has been through a traumatic experience such as rape, suffer from sexual identity, a sexual addiction or other sexual crisis, otherwise I feel it has no place in personality. Freud just put way too much emphasis on sex in his theory. Another Freudian theory I disagree with is that religion is just an escape and a misleading notion.I have a strong disenchantment with this, being I am a very religious person. For the most part all nations, all creeds, all walks of life on this earth, have some sort of religious views. Religion is taught to us as children and plays a very important role in how we place our values, our morals, our principals, so to exclude religion from psychoanalytic personality is preposterous. Our religion, along with our childhood development determines who we are and who we will become. Religion is the most destructive of all weapons of mass destruction, and yet Freud looks at it so nonchalantly.More people have died in the name of religion that any other causes. I know that my religion weighs heavily on my personality. The five stages of Freud’s theory are that from age 0-2 (Oral) which is the first stage, the characteristic is the mouth: sucking, biting and swallowing, the conflict is the weaning away from the mother’s breast. This stage suggests that the willing personality is preoccupied with oral activities such as eating, smoking, biting nails or drinking. The oral aggressive personality is hostile and verbally abusive using mouth based aggression.The second stage from age 2-4 (Anal) is the defecating or retaining of feces. The confli ct is toilet training. The anal personality is stingy, and has a compulsive desire for order and tidiness. This person is generally stubborn and a perfectionist. The anal expulsive personality has a lack of self control, being generally messy and careless. The third stage from ages 4-5 (Phallic) is genitals. A boy being Oedipus and a girl Electra, which is a process through which they learn to identify with the same gender parent by acting as much like that parent as possible.Boys suffer castration anxiety by believing that the father knows that they desire their mothers, and thinking that the father will castrate him. Girls suffer from penis envy, where she is attached to her mother but then shifts her attachment once she realizes her mother lacks a penis, she then desires her father but later represses her desire for her father and incorporates the value of her mother and accepts her inferiority. The fourth stage, age’s 6-puberty (Latency) is unacceptable sexual desires tha t may flow into sports and hobbies, having the same sex friends help avoid sexual feelings.This personality is relatively calm. Sexual and aggressive behavior is less active. The fifth and last stage is the Genital stage and this personality represents maturity, intellectual and artistic creativity. This personality is well adjusted and balanced. Now after all of this, are you convinced as well as I am that Freud was way off the charts? Again I say that he put much too much emphasis on sex. Freud believed and developed a series of defense mechanisms and all of his defense mechanisms shared two common properties.One in which they often appeared unconsciously and two they tended to distort, transform, or otherwise falsify reality. One of his defense mechanisms â€Å"Intellectualization† is taking on an objective viewpoint. Suppose a husband learns that his wife has an incurable disease. He tries to learn everything he can about the disease and treatment options and by doing so represses feelings of anxiety, feelings of not being able to do anything to help his wife and any feelings of anger he may be feeling.Focusing on the facts rather than the emotional content of the situation. Freud, Jung and Adler each had their own ideas when it came to psychoanalytic personality, though they did not agree on all aspects of each other’s ideas, combined they were the founding fathers of psychoanalytic personality and are still highly regarded in the field of psychology today. Their theories combined opened doors into the vastness and complexity of the human mind. I believe in the field of psychology a little of each of their theories are being practiced today.There is a little Jung, Adler and Freud in each of us as we try and decipher the human mind and human behavior. References Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2001). Sigmund Freud. Retrieved from http://www. iep. utm. edu Friedman, H. S. , & Schuustack, M. W. (2009). Personality: Classic Theories and Mo dern Research (4th ed. ). : Pearson Education, Inc.. Boeree, G. C. (1997,2006). Alfred Adler. Retrieved from http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/adler/html

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Lung Cancer Essay - 925 Words

Brief Description: Lung cancer, as with all cancers, is an uncontrollable increase of cells. It happens within the lung tissue, but it could also go on to affect other nearby tissue and spread to further out than just the lungs. Cellular / Molecular Basis: Lung cancer has two types; small cell and non small cell. The two types can be identified by their appearance when looked at with a microscope. It usually affects the cells that are lined along air passages in the lungs. Causes: The foremost reason for lung cancer is cigarette smoking which causes around 90% of all deaths caused by lung cancer in the world. However, smoking is not the only way to get it. The second most frequent cause of lung cancer is exposure to radon gas, which†¦show more content†¦Treatment: As long as the cancer has not spread to outside of the lung, it can be removed with surgical resection. There are now less invasive ways to remove cancer from the lungs, such as using a small video camera to see inside the chest, resulting in smaller incisions. There has very recently been a new way to treat non small cell lung cancer that would otherwise be inoperable. Shown to be more effective than normal radiation therapy and simply observing the cancers progress, stereotatic body radiation therapy can . Laser treatment is sometimes used to unblock air passages that are blocked by a tumour and attempt to control some spreading of the cancer cells. It is different to the other â⠂¬Ëœtreatments’ as it doesn’t actually provide a solution to getting rid of the cancer, but makes the symptoms more bearable for the patient. Preventative Measures: The main way to avoid having lung cancer is not to smoke and to avoid taking in second hand smoke, but also stay away from radon gas and asbestos. Certain types of mining and farming can cause exposure to harmful asbestos and radon. It is best to stay away from these kinds of fumes, dust and other dangerous chemicals. A certain nutrient called phytoestrogen which is found in legumes, whole grains, soy products and vegetables reduces the risk of developing lung cancer. Coal products,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Lung Cancer839 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsible for nearly one in five deaths in the United States. Lung Cancer mortality are about 23 times higher for current male smokers and 13 times higher for current female smokers compared to a lifelong never-smoker. In addition to being responsible for 87% of lung cancers, smoking is also associated with cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, uterine cervix, kidney, and bladder. Smoking accounts for at least 29% of all cancer deaths, is a major cause of heart disease, and is associatedRead MoreLung Cancers And Its Effects1288 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION What are lung cancers? 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